{"id":3427,"date":"2023-04-19T04:55:49","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T04:55:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cpanzaru.rgsec.cloud\/?page_id=3427"},"modified":"2026-05-01T11:12:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T11:12:48","slug":"sociologie-economica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cpanzaru.rgsec.cloud\/en\/sociologie-economica\/","title":{"rendered":"Economic Sociology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Sociologie economic\u0103<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 1 - Concepte de baz\u0103 \u00een sociologia economic\u0103<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

Importan\u021ba resurselor de munc\u0103. \u00cen\u021belegerea caracteristicilor urm\u0103toarelor categorii: popula\u021bia activ\u0103, popula\u021bia ocupat\u0103, salaria\u021bi, \u0219omeri \u0219i pensionari.<\/p>

APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

Studen\u021bii interogheaz\u0103 baza de date INS TEMPO Online pentru a extrage date privind for\u021ba de munc\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia (popula\u021bie activ\u0103, ocupat\u0103, \u0219omeri, pensionari) pe ani \u0219i regiuni, apoi compar\u0103 cu mediile UE pe Eurostat Labour Market.<\/p>

\u2192 INS TEMPO Online<\/a><\/p>

\u2192 Eurostat Labour Market Database<\/a><\/p>

REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

  1. Smelser, N. J. & Swedberg, R. (Eds.) (2005). The Handbook of Economic Sociology<\/em>, 2nd ed. Princeton University Press. Princeton University Press<\/a><\/li>
  2. Grusky, D. B. (Ed.) (2014). Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective<\/em>, 4th ed. Routledge. DOI: 10.4324\/9780429494642<\/a><\/li>
  3. Institutul Na\u021bional de Statistic\u0103 (INS). Baze de date statistice \u2013 TEMPO Online. statistici.insse.ro<\/a><\/li>
  4. Eurostat. Labour Market \u2013 Overview. ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/labour-market<\/a><\/li>
  5. International Labour Organization (ILO). ILOSTAT. ilostat.ilo.org<\/a><\/li>
  6. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 2 - Comportamentul economic \u0219i ra\u021bionalitatea<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

    DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

    Mecanismele de func\u021bionare a pie\u021bei muncii. Caracteristicile cererii \u0219i ofertei de munc\u0103. Homo economicus vs. ac\u021biunea \u00eencorporat\u0103 social (embedded action). Contribu\u021biile economiei comportamentale.<\/p>

    APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

    Studen\u021bii particip\u0103 la experimente de economie comportamental\u0103 (Ultimatum Game, Public Goods Game) pe platforma Economics-Games.com, apoi discut\u0103 rezultatele \u00een raport cu teoria ra\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii limitate.<\/p>

    \u2192 Economics-Games.com<\/a><\/p>

    REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

    1. Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology<\/em>, 91(3), 481\u2013510. DOI: 10.1086\/228311<\/a><\/li>
    2. Polanyi, K. (1944\/2001). The Great Transformation<\/em>. Beacon Press. Google Books<\/a><\/li>
    3. Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk. Econometrica<\/em>, 47(2), 263\u2013292. JSTOR: 1914185<\/a><\/li>
    4. Thaler, R. H. (2015). Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics<\/em>. W. W. Norton. Google Books<\/a><\/li>
    5. Br\u00e2nda\u0219, C. & P\u00e2nzaru, C. (2015). Analysing of the Labour Demand and Supply Using Web Mining and Data Mining. In Big Data and the Complexity of Labour Market Policies<\/em>, Hampp Verlag, 71\u201387.<\/li>
    6. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 3 - Teorii ale dezvolt\u0103rii economice<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

      DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

      Compararea paradigmelor dezvolt\u0103rii: modernizarea (Rostow), teoria dependen\u021bei (Frank, Cardoso) \u0219i sistemul mondial (Wallerstein). Relevan\u021ba lor pentru \u00een\u021belegerea pozi\u021biei Rom\u00e2niei \u00een economia global\u0103.<\/p>

      APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

      Studen\u021bii utilizeaz\u0103 UNDP Human Development Data Center \u0219i World Bank Development Indicators pentru a compara componentele IDU \u0219i PIB\/capita \u00eentre \u021b\u0103ri aflate \u00een stadii diferite de dezvoltare, test\u00e2nd modelul lui Rostow.<\/p>

      \u2192 UNDP Human Development Reports<\/a><\/p>

      \u2192 World Bank Open Data<\/a><\/p>

      REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

      1. Rostow, W. W. (1960). The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto<\/em>. Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017\/CBO9780511625824<\/a><\/li>
      2. Wallerstein, I. (2004). World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction<\/em>. Duke University Press. DOI: 10.1215\/9780822399018<\/a><\/li>
      3. Shannon, T. R. (1996). An Introduction to the World-System Perspective<\/em>, 2nd ed. Westview Press.<\/li>
      4. UNDP (2025). Human Development Report 2025<\/em>. United Nations Development Programme. hdr.undp.org<\/a><\/li>
      5. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 4 - Capitalismul \u0219i dezvoltarea economic\u0103<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

        DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

        \u00cen\u021belegerea particularit\u0103\u021bilor \u0219i dimensiunilor capitalului uman. Rela\u021bia dintre etica protestant\u0103 \u0219i spiritul capitalismului (Weber). Variet\u0103\u021bi ale capitalismului contemporan (Hall & Soskice).<\/p>

        APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

        Studen\u021bii exploreaz\u0103 World Bank Human Capital Data Portal \u0219i utilizeaz\u0103 DataBank pentru a compara indicele capitalului uman al Rom\u00e2niei cu \u021b\u0103ri similare, analiz\u00e2nd componentele (educa\u021bie, s\u0103n\u0103tate, supravie\u021buire).<\/p>

        \u2192 World Bank Human Capital Portal<\/a><\/p>

        \u2192 DataBank \u2013 Human Capital Index<\/a><\/p>

        REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

        1. Weber, M. (1905\/2001). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism<\/em>. Routledge. Google Books<\/a><\/li>
        2. Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology<\/em>, 94, S95\u2013S120. DOI: 10.1086\/228943<\/a><\/li>
        3. Hall, P. A. & Soskice, D. (Eds.) (2001). Varieties of Capitalism<\/em>. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093\/0199247757.001.0001<\/a><\/li>
        4. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education<\/em>, pp. 241\u2013258. Full text (marxists.org)<\/a><\/li>
        5. Voicu, B. (2004). Capitalul uman: componente, niveluri, structuri. Rom\u00e2nia \u00een context european. Calitatea vie\u021bii<\/em>, 15(1-2), 137\u2013157.<\/li>
        6. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 5 - Schimbarea economic\u0103 \u0219i dezvoltarea social\u0103<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

          DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

          Tipuri de \u0219omaj, metode de calcul \u0219i m\u0103suri de combatere. Impactul tranzi\u021biilor economice asupra structurii sociale \u2013 cazul \u021b\u0103rilor post-comuniste.<\/p>

          APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

          Studen\u021bii acceseaz\u0103 portalul EURES pentru a analiza tiparele locurilor de munc\u0103 vacante \u00een UE, apoi utilizeaz\u0103 Eurostat Unemployment Data Browser pentru a reprezenta grafic evolu\u021bia ratei \u0219omajului \u00een Rom\u00e2nia vs. media UE, dezagregat pe v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i gen.<\/p>

          \u2192 EURES \u2013 European Job Mobility Portal<\/a><\/p>

          \u2192 Eurostat Unemployment Data<\/a><\/p>

          REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

          1. European Commission. European Employment Strategy. EU Employment Policies<\/a><\/li>
          2. Eurostat. Unemployment Statistics \u2013 Statistics Explained. Eurostat Statistics Explained<\/a><\/li>
          3. P\u00e2nzaru, C. (2014). Youth Unemployment in Romania: Post-crisis Challenges. Procedia Economics and Finance<\/em>, 16, 613\u2013620. ScienceDirect (open access)<\/a><\/li>
          4. Myant, M. & Drahokoupil, J. (2011). Transition Economies: Political Economy in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia<\/em>. Wiley-Blackwell. Google Books<\/a><\/li>
          5. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 6 - Globalizarea \u0219i economia mondial\u0103<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

            DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

            Schimb\u0103rile provocate de globalizare pe pia\u021ba muncii. Mobilitatea know-how-ului \u0219i a capitalului. Efectele declinului demografic asupra pie\u021bei muncii \u0219i sustenabilitatea sistemelor de securitate social\u0103.<\/p>

            APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

            Studen\u021bii utilizeaz\u0103 UN World Population Prospects pentru a proiecta rata de dependen\u021b\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2050, apoi cross-referen\u021biaz\u0103 cu datele World Bank privind migra\u021bia pentru a modela impactul combinat al emigr\u0103rii \u0219i \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii.<\/p>

            \u2192 UN World Population Prospects<\/a><\/p>

            \u2192 World Bank \u2013 Migration & Remittances<\/a><\/p>

            REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

            1. United Nations, DESA (2024). World Population Ageing 2023<\/em>. UN Population Division<\/a><\/li>
            2. PwC (2025). 28th Annual Global CEO Survey<\/em>. pwc.com\/ceo-survey<\/a><\/li>
            3. P\u00e2nzaru, C. (2015). Some Considerations of Population Dynamics and the Sustainability of Social Security System. Procedia \u2013 Social and Behavioral Sciences<\/em>, 183, 68\u201376. DOI: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.04.847<\/a><\/li>
            4. Stiglitz, J. E. (2002\/2017). Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited<\/em>. W. W. Norton. Google Books<\/a><\/li>
            5. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 7 - Inegalitatea \u0219i stratificarea social\u0103<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

              DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

              Generatorii de inegalitate \u00een structura veniturilor. Coeficientul Gini \u0219i alte m\u0103suri ale inegalit\u0103\u021bii. Rela\u021bia dintre cre\u0219terea economic\u0103 \u0219i distribu\u021bia veniturilor.<\/p>

              APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

              Studen\u021bii exploreaz\u0103 World Inequality Database pentru a compara coeficien\u021bii Gini \u0219i ponderea veniturilor top 10% \u00eentre Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i \u021b\u0103ri europene, apoi verific\u0103 pe Eurostat EU-SILC ratele de risc de s\u0103r\u0103cie.<\/p>

              \u2192 World Inequality Database<\/a><\/p>

              \u2192 Eurostat EU-SILC<\/a><\/p>

              REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

              1. Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>. Harvard University Press. hup.harvard.edu<\/a><\/li>
              2. Milanovic, B. (2016). Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization<\/em>. Harvard University Press. hup.harvard.edu<\/a><\/li>
              3. World Inequality Database (WID.world). World Inequality Lab. wid.world<\/a><\/li>
              4. Eurostat. EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Eurostat Income & Living Conditions<\/a><\/li>
              5. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 8 - Mobilitatea social\u0103 \u0219i oportunit\u0103\u021bile economice<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

                DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

                Rolul mobilit\u0103\u021bii for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u00een ajustarea dezechilibrelor pe pia\u021ba muncii. Mobilitatea intergenera\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i intragenera\u021bional\u0103. Educa\u021bia ca vector de mobilitate social\u0103.<\/p>

                APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

                Studen\u021bii citesc P\u00e2nzaru & Reisz (2017) despre brain drain-ul academic rom\u00e2nesc, apoi utilizeaz\u0103 raportul OECD privind mobilitatea social\u0103 pentru a examina persisten\u021ba veniturilor intergenera\u021bionale (\u201eGreat Gatsby Curve\u201d).<\/p>

                \u2192 OECD \u2013 A Broken Social Elevator?<\/a><\/p>

                REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

                1. Arpaia, A., Kiss, A., P\u00e1lv\u00f6lgyi, B. & Turrini, A. (2016). Labour Mobility and Labour Market Adjustment in the EU. IZA Journal of Migration and Development<\/em>, 5(1), 1\u201321. SpringerOpen (open access)<\/a><\/li>
                2. P\u00e2nzaru, C. & Reisz, R. D. (2017). Brain Drain Migration from Romanian Academia. European Review of Applied Sociology<\/em>, 10(14), 34\u201348. DOI: 10.1515\/eras-2017-0003<\/a><\/li>
                3. Erikson, R. & Goldthorpe, J. H. (1992). The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies<\/em>. Clarendon Press. Google Books<\/a><\/li>
                4. OECD (2018). A Broken Social Elevator? How to Promote Social Mobility<\/em>. OECD Publishing. DOI: 10.1787\/9789264301085-en<\/a><\/li>
                5. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 9 - Gen, ras\u0103 \u0219i etnie \u00een economie<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

                  DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

                  Stratificarea de gen pe pia\u021ba muncii. Segregarea ocupa\u021bional\u0103 orizontal\u0103 \u0219i vertical\u0103. Discriminarea etnic\u0103 pe pia\u021ba muncii \u2013 mecanisme \u0219i eviden\u021be.<\/p>

                  APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

                  Studen\u021bii utilizeaz\u0103 Eurostat Gender Pay Gap Data Browser pentru a compara diferen\u021bele salariale de gen ale Rom\u00e2niei cu alte \u021b\u0103ri UE, apoi exploreaz\u0103 EIGE Gender Equality Index pentru a analiza disparit\u0103\u021bile pe domenii.<\/p>

                  \u2192 Eurostat Gender Pay Gap Data<\/a><\/p>

                  \u2192 EIGE Gender Equality Index<\/a><\/p>

                  REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

                  1. Blau, F. D. & Kahn, L. M. (2017). The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations. Journal of Economic Literature<\/em>, 55(3), 789\u2013865. DOI: 10.1257\/jel.20160995<\/a><\/li>
                  2. Eurostat. Gender Pay Gap Statistics \u2013 Statistics Explained. Eurostat Statistics Explained<\/a><\/li>
                  3. EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) (2022). Roma in 10 European Countries \u2013 Roma Survey 2021<\/em>. fra.europa.eu<\/a><\/li>
                  4. European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE). Gender Equality Index. eige.europa.eu<\/a><\/li>
                  5. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 10 - Economia informal\u0103 \u0219i economia subteran\u0103<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

                    DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

                    Definirea \u0219i delimitarea economiei informale, a economiei subterane \u0219i a muncii nedeclarate. Rela\u021bia dintre informalitate, s\u0103r\u0103cie \u0219i excludere social\u0103.<\/p>

                    APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

                    Studen\u021bii acceseaz\u0103 ILOSTAT Informal Economy pentru a compara ratele de munc\u0103 informal\u0103 ale Rom\u00e2niei cu alte \u021b\u0103ri UE \u0219i non-UE, apoi analizeaz\u0103 resursele European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work.<\/p>

                    \u2192 ILOSTAT \u2013 Informal Economy<\/a><\/p>

                    \u2192 ELA \u2013 Tackling Undeclared Work<\/a><\/p>

                    REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

                    1. Schneider, F. & Enste, D. H. (2000). Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences. Journal of Economic Literature<\/em>, 38(1), 77\u2013114. DOI: 10.1257\/jel.38.1.77<\/a><\/li>
                    2. European Labour Authority (ELA). European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work. ela.europa.eu<\/a><\/li>
                    3. ILO (2018). Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture<\/em>, 3rd ed. Geneva: ILO. ILOSTAT Informality Data<\/a><\/li>
                    4. Schneider, F. (2000). The Increase of the Size of the Shadow Economy of 18 OECD Countries. Full text (PDF)<\/a><\/li>
                    5. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 11 - Economia informa\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i transformarea digital\u0103<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

                      DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

                      Tranzi\u021bia de la economia industrial\u0103 la economia informa\u021bional\u0103 (Castells). Gig economy, platforme digitale \u0219i precarizarea muncii. Inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 \u0219i viitorul locurilor de munc\u0103.<\/p>

                      APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

                      Studen\u021bii utilizeaz\u0103 DESI Interactive Tool pentru a compara performan\u021ba digital\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei cu partenerii UE, identific\u00e2nd domeniile unde Rom\u00e2nia \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 cel mai mare decalaj.<\/p>

                      \u2192 DESI Interactive Visualisation<\/a><\/p>

                      \u2192 Eurofound Platform Economy Database<\/a><\/p>

                      REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

                      1. Castells, M. (2010). The Rise of the Network Society<\/em>, 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell. Google Books<\/a><\/li>
                      2. European Commission. Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI). digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu<\/a><\/li>
                      3. Frey, C. B. & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation? Technological Forecasting and Social Change<\/em>, 114, 254\u2013280. DOI: 10.1016\/j.techfore.2016.08.019<\/a><\/li>
                      4. Eurofound (2018). Employment and Working Conditions of Selected Types of Platform Work<\/em>. eurofound.europa.eu<\/a><\/li>
                      5. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 12 - Revolu\u021bii tehnologice \u0219i economice<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

                        DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

                        Revolu\u021biile industriale \u0219i transformarea structurii sociale. Industria 4.0 \u0219i implica\u021biile sale pentru pia\u021ba muncii. Automatizarea \u0219i polarizarea ocupa\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>

                        APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

                        Studen\u021bii descarc\u0103 WEF Future of Jobs Report 2025 \u0219i identific\u0103 top 10 ocupa\u021bii \u00een cre\u0219tere \/ declin la nivel global, apoi utilizeaz\u0103 datele OECD privind riscul de automatizare pentru a evalua ocupa\u021biile rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti cu risc ridicat.<\/p>

                        \u2192 WEF Future of Jobs Report 2025<\/a><\/p>

                        \u2192 OECD \u2013 Risk of Automation for Jobs<\/a><\/p>

                        REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

                        1. Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution<\/em>. World Economic Forum \/ Crown Business. WEF Page<\/a><\/li>
                        2. World Economic Forum (2025). The Future of Jobs Report 2025<\/em>. Geneva: WEF. weforum.org<\/a><\/li>
                        3. Autor, D. H. (2015). Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? Journal of Economic Perspectives<\/em>, 29(3), 3\u201330. DOI: 10.1257\/jep.29.3.3<\/a><\/li>
                        4. Brynjolfsson, E. & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age<\/em>. W. W. Norton. Google Books<\/a><\/li>
                        5. Arntz, M., Gregory, T. & Zierahn, U. (2016). The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries. OECD Working Papers<\/em>, No. 189. DOI: 10.1787\/5jlz9h56dvq7-en<\/a><\/li>
                        6. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 13 - Politici economice \u0219i sociale<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

                          DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

                          Efectele declinului demografic asupra pie\u021bei muncii \u0219i sustenabilitatea sistemelor de securitate social\u0103. Modele ale statului bun\u0103st\u0103rii \u0219i politici de protec\u021bie social\u0103 \u00een UE.<\/p>

                          APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

                          Studen\u021bii utilizeaz\u0103 OECD Social Expenditure Dashboard pentru a compara cheltuielile sociale (ca % din PIB) pe tipurile de regim al bun\u0103st\u0103rii (Esping-Andersen), apoi pozi\u021bioneaz\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia \u00een aceast\u0103 tipologie pe baza datelor Eurostat.<\/p>

                          \u2192 OECD Social Expenditure Dashboard<\/a><\/p>

                          \u2192 Eurostat Social Protection Database<\/a><\/p>

                          REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

                          1. Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism<\/em>. Princeton University Press. Google Books<\/a><\/li>
                          2. European Commission. Social Protection & Social Inclusion. EU Social Protection Policies<\/a><\/li>
                          3. P\u00e2nzaru, C. (2015). Some Considerations of Population Dynamics and the Sustainability of Social Security System. Procedia \u2013 Social and Behavioral Sciences<\/em>, 183, 68\u201376. DOI: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.04.847<\/a><\/li>
                          4. OECD. Social Expenditure Database (SOCX). OECD SOCX<\/a><\/li>
                          5. Eurostat. Social Protection Statistics. Eurostat Social Protection<\/a><\/li>
                          6. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                            \n\t\t\t\t\t
                            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCurs 14 - Economie \u0219i mediu \u00eenconjur\u0103tor<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

                            DISCU\u021aIE<\/strong><\/p>

                            Rela\u021bia dintre cre\u0219terea economic\u0103 \u0219i degradarea mediului. Conceptul de dezvoltare durabil\u0103 \u0219i tranzi\u021bia just\u0103. Green jobs \u0219i impactul asupra pie\u021bei muncii.<\/p>

                            APLICA\u021aII<\/strong><\/p>

                            Studen\u021bii exploreaz\u0103 EEA Datahub pentru a analiza tendin\u021bele emisiilor de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 ale Rom\u00e2niei, apoi utilizeaz\u0103 Eurostat Sustainable Development Indicators pentru a evalua progresul c\u0103tre SDG 7, 12 \u0219i 13.<\/p>

                            \u2192 EEA Datahub<\/a><\/p>

                            \u2192 Eurostat SDI Indicators<\/a><\/p>

                            REFERIN\u021aE BIBLIOGRAFICE<\/strong><\/p>

                            1. European Commission (2019). The European Green Deal<\/em>. COM(2019) 640 final. European Green Deal<\/a><\/li>
                            2. ILO (2018). World Employment and Social Outlook 2018: Greening with Jobs<\/em>. Geneva: ILO. ILO Research Repository<\/a><\/li>
                            3. Jackson, T. (2017). Prosperity without Growth: Foundations for the Economy of Tomorrow<\/em>, 2nd ed. Routledge. timjackson.org.uk<\/a><\/li>
                            4. European Environment Agency (EEA). Datahub. eea.europa.eu\/datahub<\/a><\/li>
                            5. United Nations (2015). Sustainable Development Goals. sdgs.un.org<\/a><\/li>
                            6. Suport de curs:\u00a0e-learning<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                              ARE YOU READY TO TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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